The verbs in this group have distinct spellings for the simple present, the simple past and the past participle.
These are the verbs most often used incorrectly. The typical error is using the the past participle form for the simple past.
The most effective way to learn the forms is to practice saying the past participle with the word have in front of it until it doesn’t sound right without it.
NOTES:
1. The past participle is used with the helping verbs has and had, as well as with have.
2. The old forms of slay, slay/slew/(have) slain) are still, in my opinion, to be preferred in talking about vampires and other such supernatural creatures in need of slaying. However, the regularized slay/slayed/slayed version is finding acceptance among some speakers.
3. The verb lie (to recline) is fighting to hang on in popular speech. The verb lay is used by many speakers in its place. However, millions of people still think it’s important to distinguish between lie (to recline) and lay (to place, or put). You may want to be aware of the difference.
4. The past participle form “gotten” is an Americanism. British speakers say “have got.”
SIMPLE PRESENT
arise
awake
bear
become
befall
begin
bid
blow
break
bite
choose
come
do
draw
drink
eat
fall
fly
forbid
forget
forgive
forsake
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hide
know
lie (to recline)
mistake
prove
ride
ring
rise
run
see
show
shake
shear
shrink
sing
sink
slay
sow
speak
spring
steal
stink
stride
strive
swear
swell
swim
take
tear
throw
tread
undertake
wear
weave
withdraw
write
SIMPLE PAST
arose
awoke
bore
became
befell
began
bade
blew
broke
bit
chose
came
did
drew
drank
ate
fell
flew
forbade
forgot
forgave
forsook
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hid
knew
lay
mistook
proved
rode
rang
rose
ran
saw
showed
shook
sheared
shrank
sang
sank
slew
sowed
spoke
sprang
stole
stank
strode
strove
swore
swelled
swam
took
tore
threw
trod
undertook
wore
wove
withdrew
wrote
PAST PARTICIPLE
(have) arisen
(have) awoken
(have) borne
(have) become
(have) befallen
(have) begun
(have) bidden
(have) blown
(have) broken
(have) bitten
(have) chosen
(have) come
(have) done
(have) drawn
(have) drunk
(have) eaten
(have) fallen
(have) flown
(have) forbidden
(have) forgotten
(have) forgiven
(have) forsaken
(have) frozen
(have) gotten
(have) given
(have) gone
(have) frown
(have) hidden
(have) known
(have) lain
(have) mistaken
(have) proven
(have) ridden
(have) rung
(have) risen
(have) run
(have) seen
(have) shown
(have) shaken
(have) shorn
(have) shrunk
(have) sung
(have) sunk
(have) slain
(have) sown
(have) spoken
(have) sprung
(have) stolen
(have) stunk
(have) stridden
(have) striven
(have) sworn
(have) swollen
(have) swum
(have) taken
(have) torn
(have) thrown
(have) trodden
(have) undertaken
(have) worn
(have) woven
(have) withdrawn
(have) written
